מעודכן ל: 22.8.2024
לוחמים בלתי חוקיים
טרור
טרוריזם
ארגוני טרור
פונדמנטליזם איסלאמי
דעא"ש (המדינה האיסלאמית)
אל-קאעידה
פנטיזם
Terror organizations
Jihad
Islamic fundamentalism
Militancy
Extremism
Fanaticism
Terrorist recruitment
ISIS ( Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) or (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant)
Al-Qaeda
IRA (Irish Republican Army)
Hamas
Hezbollah
Counterterrorism
ג'יהאד על הטיילת : מתל אביב ועד ניו יורק: כיצד הפכה בריטניה ליצואנית טרור איסלאמי
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בריטניה יושבת כיום על חבית חומר נפץ. סוכנויות הביטחון בבריטניה מעריכות שברחבי הממלכה פועלים כאלפיים תאי טרור איסלאמי. לכל המחבלים הפוטנציאליים יש מכנה משותף אחד - הם לא הקצינו במזרח התיכון, אלא במדינה שבה נולדו וגדלו. את חלומם להרוג ולהיהרג הם טיפחו במאות מסגדים, אוניברסיטאות ובתי כלא ברחבי בריטניה, שם הושפעו מהטפות השִׂטנה של דרשנים קיצוניים מתחת לאפה של ממשלה מנמנמת שבויה במדיניות של פייסנות ותקינות פוליטית. המחבלים הבריטים-המוסלמים הראשונים עשו זאת בפאב "מייק'ס פלייס" בתל אביב בשנת 2003. אחריהם היו אלה חברי "כנופיית ה-7/7", שערכו טבח המוני בקרב נוסעי התחבורה הציבורית בלונדון. מאז ועד היום, קנאים בריטים-מוסלמים היו מעורבים בכל הסכסוכים האפשריים בעולם המוסלמי. בבריטניה עצמה הצליחו השירותים החשאיים לסכל למעלה מעשרים פיגועים המוניים שעלולים היו לעלות בחייהם של אלפי בני אדם.
ג'יהאד על הטיילת מספר בהרחבה על התהליכים שהביאו ליצירתה של מובלעת מוסלמית קיצונית במדינת רווחה ליברלית ונאיבית. הספר מנתח את הסיבות לעיוורונו של הממסד במציאות שבה ריבוי ילדים, נישואי כפייה, מילת נשים, חבישת רעלה ורצח לשם כבוד הפכו לחלק בלתי נפרד מסגנון חייו של מיעוט מוסלמי שאינו מעוניין לאמץ את ערכי החברה שפתחה בפניו את שעריה.
חברות בארגון טרור
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מחקר המדיניות מנתח סעיף מרכזי בהצעת חוק המאבק בטרור, התשע"א-2011. ההצעה אמורה להסדיר מחדש את המאבק המשפטי של ישראל בטרור ולשנות את המשפט הישראלי בתחום זה שינוי של ממש. הסעיף המדובר מגדיר את העברה הפלילית של "חברות בארגון טרור", ויש לו מקום חשוב בהצעת החוק. מחקר המדיניות מנתח את העברה, כהגדרתה בהצעה, ודן בהצדקות שלה ובהיקפה הראוי במשטר דמוקרטי-ליברלי. המחקר מתמקד בשאלה אם ראוי להעניש בפלילים חברות פסיבית שביטויה היחיד הוא הסכמה להצטרף לארגון טרור. השוואה בין העברה שבהצעת החוק לבין דוקטרינות דומות במשפט הפלילי - כגון קשר פלילי, הכנה לביצוע עברה ושותפות בעברה - מובילה למסקנה שלא ניתן להצדיק את העברה בנוסח המוצע לפי דוקטרינות אלו. גם בחינת ההסדרים המשפטיים במדינות אחרות מובילה לאותה מסקנה.
המסקנות העיקריות העולות מן המחקר הן אלה: ראשית, יש להבדיל בין ארגוני טרור מובהקים לבין ארגונים "מעורבים" (שפעילותם גם טרוריסטית וגם אזרחית) לבין ארגונים אזרחיים (שזיקתם לפעילות טרור חלשה יותר); שנית, ככלל - יש להוסיף להגדרת העברה יסודות עובדתיים-התנהגותיים, כגון התנהגות מקדמת או תומכת טרור; ושלישית, יש לחזק את "היסוד הנפשי" שהגדרת העברה מחייבת. חיזוק זה צריך להיעשות באמצעות הדרישה שלחבר בארגון טרור תהיה "מטרה" לסייע בביצוע מעשה טרור.
מיהו טרוריסט? על המנגנון להכרזה על ארגוני טרור בחוק המאבק בטרור
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על רקע חקיקתו של חוק המאבק בטרור והפיכת סמכות ההכרזה שבעבר נתפסה כסמכות חירום לחלק בלתי נפרד מהחקיקה הקבועה של מדינת ישראל, מחקר זה מבקש להתמקד בסוגיה שפעמים רבות נדחקת הצידה — השאלה כיצד עלולה סמכות ההכרזה להשפיע על המרחב הדמוקרטי: לפגוע בחופש הביטוי הפוליטי, במיוחד של המיעוט, לצנן התארגנויות אזרחיות או להצר את מרחב הפעולה של החברה האזרחית.
קולו הזך של הפיקולו: בית המשפט העליון, דיאלוג ומאבק בטרור
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המקום המרכזי שבו נבחנה לגיטימיות האמצעים של מדינת ישראל במאבק נגד טרור הוא בית המשפט העליון. הספר עוסק בבחינת ביקורת שיפוטית של מאבק זה. במרכזו של הספר עומדת השיחה שבית המשפט קיים עם רשויות השונות לפיתוח הנורמות המשפטיות. סיפורו של הספר הוא סיפורה של שיחה זו והשאלות שהיא מעוררת.
הקרב של המאה ה-21 : דמוקרטיה נלחמת בטרור
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תחושת שליחות דתית עמוקה ונכונות להתאבד מלוות בשנים האחרונות את הטרור, שהפך לתופעה נפוצה יותר מאי פעם בהיסטוריה. ארגוני טרור וגם יחידים יכולים היום לחדור ללב לבן של מערכות כלכליות וביטחוניות חשובות בכל מדינה בעולם, להשיג מידע רגיש ולגרום להרס אדיר ממדים.
העולם ניצב לפני דילמות מוסריות ואתיות במלחמה בטרור, שכן מלחמה זו, מעצם טבעה, גוררת פגיעה בזכויות אדם. לא רק כוחם של הטרוריסטים התעצם; גדל גם כוחה של המדינה לפגוע בזכויות הפרט בעת מלחמתה בטרור.
היכן עובר הגבול בין צורכי הביטחון הלגיטימיים ובין הפגיעה בזכויות הפרט? האם הכלים החוקיים והמשפטיים שיש בידי הדמוקרטיה נותנים מענה מספיק לאיומי הטרור המתפתח, ואם לא - כיצד אפשר לפתחם בלא שיפגעו יתר על המידה בזכויות הפרט?
המכון הישראלי לדמוקרטיה ניהל בשנים האחרונות מחקר על התמודדות המדינות הדמוקרטיות עם תופעת הטרור ועל הדרכים החדשות הנדרשות כדי לאזן בין הצורך להילחם בטרור ובין הרצון להמשיך לקיים את אורח החיים הדמוקרטי. פורום שהורכב מבכירי המומחים בתחומי המשפט, הביטחון והחברה התכנס בשנים 2005-2004 לסדרת פגישות. הפורום העמיק בסוגיות כגון הסיכול הממוקד, המעצר המנהלי, ההתמודדות המשפטית עם תיקי טרור והתפיסה האסטרטגית הנוגעת לאיומי הטרור.
בספר זה נכללים הפרוטוקולים של הישיבות, מסקנות הדיונים, וכן שלושה מאמרים פרי עטם של חברי הפורום. הקורא מוזמן להציץ אל מאחורי הקלעים הדיונים המתעמתים עם האתגר הגדול ביותר שמציבה המאה ה-21 לפני העולם הדמוקרטי - המלחמה בטרור.
מאבקה של דמוקרטיה בטרור: היבטים משפטיים ומוסריים
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מדינת ישראל נאבקת על זכותה להתקיים כמדינה חופשית באזור זה של העולם מאז הקמתה. מדינת ישראל ידעה במשך השנים מלחמות עם שכנותיה, ובשנים הראשונות לקיומה היא ידעה גם פרעות וניסיונות פשיטה ליישובים ישראליים מצד ארגוני טרור אשר היו ידועים בשמם הערבי "פדאיין". ברור אפוא כי המאבק בטרור איננו דבר חדש, הוא לא החל דווקא במה שמכונה "אינתיפדת אל-אקצה", אלא הרבה שנים לפני; הניסיון האחרון של הרשות הפלסטינית לכפות על מדינת ישראל פתרון מדיני על ידי מאבק באמצעות טרור הוא תופעה חדשה, תופעה שהציבה בפתחה של מדינת ישראל דילמות מוסריות ומשפטיות שכמותן לא ידעה בעבר. תגובותיה של מדינת ישראל לטרור, החל באופן חקירתם של חשודים בטרור על ידי שירותי הביטחון, עבור דרך החזקתם של אנשי ארגונים עוינים כבני ערובה וכלה בפגיעה בעוסקים בטרור כפעולת מגן או מניעה – כל אלה הגיעו לדיון בפני בית המשפט העליון. פסיקותיו של בית המשפט העליון בנושאים הקשורים בטיפול בטרור, וכן העניין המיוחד שגיליתי בתחום זה של חיינו, המקפל בתוכו היבטים קשים מתחום המוסר, הפילוסופיה והמשפט, הם שהביאו אותי לנסות באמצעות ספר זה לבחון את המאבק של מדינת ישראל בטרור. אף שהסוגיות המשפטיות המועלות בספר זה יסודן בעיקר באירועים שהתרחשו באזורנו, שאבתי השראה גם מתגובתה של הגדולה בדמוקרטיות, ארצות-הברית, למתקפת הטרור עליה ב-11 ספטמבר 2001. ספר זה הוא אפוא ניסיון מצדי לבקר את החלטות בית המשפט העליון שניתנו לאחרונה בנושאי גבולות המותר למדינה דמוקרטית בתגובותיה לטרור. החלטות אלה היו נקודת ההתחלה והסיבה המידית לכתיבה.
American Zealots: Inside Right-wing Domestic Terrorism
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In an unsettling time in American history, the outbreak of right-wing violence is among the most disturbing developments. In recent years, attacks originating from the far right of American politics have targeted religious and ethnic minorities, with a series of antigovernment militants, religious extremists, and lone-wolf mass shooters inspired by right-wing ideologies. The need to understand the nature and danger of far-right violence is greater than ever. In American Zealots, Arie Perliger provides a wide-ranging and rigorously researched overview of right-wing domestic terrorism. He analyzes its historical roots, characteristics, tactics, rhetoric, and organization, assessing the current and future trajectory of the use of violence by the far right. Perliger draws on a comprehensive dataset of more than 5,000 attacks and their perpetrators from 1990 through 2017 in order to explore key trends in American right-wing terrorism. He describes the entire ideological spectrum of the American far right, including today's white supremacists, antigovernment groups, and antiabortion fundamentalists, as well as the histories of the KKK, skinheads, and neo-Nazis. Based on these findings, Perliger suggests counterterrorism policies that can respond effectively to the far-right threat. A groundbreaking examination of violence spawned from right-wing ideologies, American Zealots is essential reading for everyone seeking to understand the transformation of domestic terrorism.
Law's Trials: The Performance of Legal Institutions in the US "War on Terror"
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The US 'war on terror' has repeatedly violated fundamental rule of law values. When executive and legislature commit such egregious wrongs, courts represent the ultimate defense. Law's Trials: The Performance of Legal Institutions in the US 'War on Terror' offers the first comprehensive account of judicial performance during the sixteen years of the Bush and Obama administrations. Abel examines criminal prosecutions of alleged terrorists, courts martial of military personnel accused of law of war violations, military commission trials of 'high value detainees', habeas corpus petitions by Guantánamo detainees, civil damage actions by victims of both the 'war on terror' and terrorism, and civil liberties violations by government officials and Islamophobic campaigners. Law's Trials identifies successful defenses of the rule of law through qualitative and quantitative analyses, comparing the behavior of judges within and between each category of cases and locating those actions in a comparative history of efforts to redress fundamental injustices.
Normative Transformation and the War on Terrorism: The Evolution of Targeted Killing, Torture, and Private Military Contracting
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Pratt investigates the potential erosion of prohibiting assassination, torture, and mercenarism during the US's War on Terrorism. In examining the emergence and history of the US's targeted killing programme, detention and interrogation programme, and employment of armed contractors in warzones, he proposes that a 'normative transformation' has occurred, which has changed the meaning and content of these prohibitions, even though they still exist. Drawing on pragmatist philosophy, practice theory, and relational sociology, this book develops a new theory of normativity and institutional change, and offers new data about the decisions and activities of security practitioners. It is both a critical and constructive addition to the current literature on norm change, and addresses enduring debates about the role of culture and ethical judgement in the use of force. It will appeal to students and scholars of foreign and defence policy, international relations theory, international security, social theory, and American politics.
Routledge Handbook of U. S. Counterterrorism and Irregular Warfare Operations
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This handbook comprises essays by leading scholars and practitioners on the topic of U.S. counterterrorism and irregular warfare campaigns and operations around the globe. Terrorist groups have evolved substantially since 9/11, with the Islamic State often described as a pseudo-state, a terrorist group, and insurgency all at the same time. While researchers', analysts', and policymakers' understanding of terrorism has grown immensely over the past two decades, similar advancements in the understanding of counterterrorism lag. As such, this handbook explains why it is necessary to take a broader view of counterterrorism which can, and often does, include irregular warfare. The volume is divided into three thematic sections: Part I examines modern terrorism in the Islamic world and gives an overview of the major terrorist groups from the past three decades; Part II provides a wide variety of case studies of counterterrorism and irregular warfare operations, spanning from the 1980s to the irregular warfare campaign against the Islamic State in northern Syria in 2018; Part III examines the government instruments used to combat terrorism and wage irregular warfare, such as drones, Theater Special Operations Commands, and Theater Commands. The handbook fills a gap in the traditional counterterrorism literature by its inclusion of irregular warfare and by providing analyses from academic experts as well as practitioners. It will be of much interest to students of counterterrorism, counterinsurgency, U.S. national security, military affairs, and International Relations. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-US-Counterterrorism-and-Irregular-Warfare-Operations/Sheehan-Marquardt-Collins/p/book/9780367758363, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
The Great War of Our Time: the CIA's Fight Against Terrorism : From al Qa'ida to Isis
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Like See No Evil and At the Center of the Storm, this is a vivid and gripping account of the Central Intelligence Agency, a life of secrets, and a war in the shadows. Called the "Bob Gates of his generation" by Politico, Michael Morell was a top CIA officer who played a critical role in the most important counterterrorism events of the past two decades. Morell was by President Bush's side on 9/11/01 when terrorists struck America and in the White House Situation Room advising President Obama on 5/1/11 when America struck back-killing Usama bin Ladin. From the subway bombings in London to the terrorist attacks in Benghazi, Morell always seemed to find himself on the cusp of history. A superb intelligence analyst and briefer, Morell now presents The Great War of Our Time, where he uses his talents to offer an unblinking and insightful assessment of CIA's counterterrorism successes and failures of the past twenty years and, perhaps most important, shows readers that the threat of terrorism did not die with Bin Ladin in Abbottabad. Morell illuminates new, growing threats from terrorist groups that, if unaddressed, could leave the country vulnerable to attacks that would dwarf 9/11 in magnitude. He writes of secret, back-channel negotiations he conducted with foreign spymasters and regime leaders in a desperate attempt to secure a peaceful outcome to unrest launched during the "Arab Spring." Morell describes how efforts to throw off the shackles of oppression have too often resulted in broken nation states unable or unwilling to join the fight against terrorism. Along the way Morell provides intimate portraits of the leadership styles of figures ranging from Presidents Bush and Obama, CIA directors Tenet, Goss, Hayden, Petraeus, Panetta, and Brennan, and a host of others.
Understanding Violent Radicalisation: Terrorist and Jihadist Movements in Europe
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This is the first book to address in depth the interplay between radicalisation and political violence in Europe, as well as the effectiveness of counter-measures. As evidenced from the multitude of intercepted plots across several European cities since 2001, the threat level and the intensity of the desire to perpetrate mass-casualty attacks within Europe is not diminishing. While violent radicalization has gradually moved to the top of the EU counterterrorism agenda, it has been accompanied by a relatively embryonic understanding about the processes and interplay of factors that contribute to radicalization, which are played out differently in cities like Paris, Rome, London and Copenhagen. Undoubtedly, there are common factors at the global and regional levels that facilitate radicalization, but it is also clear that radicalization is very context dependent. This book provides crucial insights into different ways to understand violent radicalization within national contexts and the challenges addressing the many pathways into terrorism inspired by al-Qaeda and other forms of Islamic extremism. This book will be of great interest to students of terrorism studies and political violence, counter-terrorism, EU politics, security studies and IR in general. Magnus Ranstorp is Research Director of the Center for Asymmetric Threat Studies at the Swedish National Defence College and a Member of EU Expert Groups on (Violent) Radicalisation. He has twenty years of experience in research on counterterrorism issues and testified at the 9/11 Commission Hearing.
Precursor Crimes of Terrorism
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This illuminating book offers a timely assessment of the development and proliferation of precursor crimes of terrorism, exploring the functions and implications of these expanding offences in different jurisdictions. In response to new modes and sources of terrorism, attempts to pre-empt potential attacks through precursor offences have emerged. This book examines not only the meanings and effectiveness of this approach, but also the challenges posed to human rights and social and economic development. Featuring contributions from leading academic and practitioner experts in counter-terrorism law, the book covers the broad scope of activities tackled by these new legal interventions, including membership, collaboration, communications, training and financing. Taking a comparative approach that relies on extensive experience in various jurisdictions, including the UK and Spain, the chapters also discuss important related issues such as international cooperation, investigations and penology, offering insights into the context of policies and practices. Scholars and advanced students of criminal and human rights law with an interest in terrorism and terrorism offences will find this book essential reading. It will also benefit legal practitioners and policy makers in fields such as international criminal law cooperation and counter-terrorism.
The Handbook of the Criminology of Terrorism
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The Handbook of the Criminology of Terrorism features a collection of essays that represent the most recent criminological research relating to the origins and evolution of, along with responses to, terrorism, from a criminological perspective. Offers an authoritative overview of the latest criminological research into the causes of and responses to terrorism in today's world Covers broad themes that include terrorism's origins, theories, methodologies, types, relationship to other forms of crime, terrorism and the criminal justice system, ways to counter terrorism, and more Features original contributions from a group of international experts in the field Provides unique insights into the field through an exclusive focus on criminological conceptual frameworks and empirical studies that engage terrorism and responses to it
The Mind of the Terrorist: The Psychology of Terrorism from the IRA to al-Qaeda
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In contrast to the widely held assumption that terrorists as crazed fanatics, Jerrold Post demonstrates they are psychologically "normal" and that "hatred has been bred in the bone". He reveals the powerful motivations that drive these ordinary people to such extraordinary evil by exploring the different types of terrorists, from national-separatists like the Irish Republican Army to social revolutionary terrorists like the Shining Path, as well as religious extremists like al-Qaeda and AumShinrikyo. InThe Mind of the Terrorist, Post uses his expertise to explain how the terrorist mind works and how this information can help us to combat terrorism more effectively.
Prisons, Terrorism and Extremism: Critical Issues in Management, Radicalisation and Reform
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This volume provides an overview of intervention and management strategies for dealing with terrorist and extremist offenders in prisons. The management of terrorist and extremist prisoners has long been recognised as a difficult problem in prisons. In most countries, such offenders are relatively rare, but when their numbers increase these prisoners can undermine the effectiveness and safety of the prison system. At a global level there is an increasing recognition of the problem of militant jihadi extremists in prison and their ability to recruit new members among other prisoners. The numbers of such prisoners are low but growing and, as a result, prisons are becoming centres of radicalisation; indeed, in some cases, terrorist plots appear to have been based entirely on networks that were radicalised in prison. This volume presents an expertly informed assessment of what we know about terrorists, extremists and prison, exploring the experience of a wide range of countries and of different political movements. Drawing critical lessons from historical case studies, the book examines critical issues around management strategies, radicalisation and deradicalisation, reform, risk assessment, as well as post-release experiences. The role that prisoners play in the conflicts beyond the jail walls is also examined, with case studies illustrating how prisoners can play a critical role in bringing about a peace process or alternatively in sustaining or even escalating campaigns of violence. Written by leading experts in the field, this volume will be of much interest to students of terrorism/counter-terrorism, criminology, security studies and IR in general.
Terror in Transition: Leadership and Succession in Terrorist Organizations
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What is the role of founding leaders in shaping terrorist organizations? What follows the loss of this formative leader? These questions are especially important to religious terrorist groups, in which leaders are particularly revered. Tricia L. Bacon and Elizabeth Grimm provide a groundbreaking analysis of how religious terrorist groups manage and adapt to major shifts in leadership. They demonstrate that founders create the base from which their successors operate. Founders establish and explain the group's mission, and they determine and justify how it seeks to achieve its objectives. Bacon and Grimm argue that how successors position themselves in terms of the founder shapes a terrorist group's future course. They examine how and why different types of successors choose to pursue incremental or discontinuous change. Bacon and Grimm emphasize that the instability surrounding succession can place a group at its most vulnerable--the precise time to explore options to weaken or defeat it. Bacon and Grimm highlight similarities between Islamic terrorist groups abroad and Christian white nationalist groups such as the 1920s Ku Klux Klan in the United States. Drawing on extensive field research in Afghanistan, Somalia, and Pakistan, Terror in Transition features detailed analysis of groups such as al-Shabaab, Egyptian Islamic Jihad, and al-Qaeda in Iraq / the Islamic State in Iraq, as well as the KKK. Offering a rigorous theoretical perspective on terrorist leadership transition, this policy-relevant book provides actionable recommendations for counterterrorism practitioners.
Theories of Terrorism: Contemporary Perspectives
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The key feature of the text is its concise, scholarly depth, and accessible format, which enable readers to gain a clear understanding of the theory that they may use in future research. Current texts on the market include redundant, lengthy presentations of theories that fail to distinguish among key theoretical contributions. Terrorism is an area of urgent global concern. The number of terrorism and homeland security-focused academic programs, think tanks, and research centers has dramatically increased over the past two decades. Many universities now offer courses on issues related to terrorism at both the undergraduate and graduate levels within the social science disciplines as well as interdisciplinary centers. Yet, there is only one text and a few book chapters on theories of terrorism. The approach that we will use in the book will make it attractive to academics, students, and policy makers who seek to develop theoretically-driven approaches to policy making. Considering the current number of programs on terrorism and homeland security within the United States alone, the growing emphasis on terrorism studies across the world, and the absence of a clear text on theories of terrorism, the demand should be quite high. This will be the only text that offers chapter-length descriptions of each stage of the radicalization process covering pressing issues in the field of terrorism.
Understanding Recruitment to Organized Crime and Terrorism
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This volume provides insights on how recruitment patterns develop for two related types of criminal networks: organized crime and terrorism. It specifically explores the social, situational, psychological, and economic drivers of recruitment. Although organized crime networks and terrorism networks can differ in underlying goals and motivations, this volume demonstrates common drivers in their recruitment, which will provide insights for crime prevention and intervention. The goal of the book is to explore the current knowledge about these common drivers, as well as highlight emerging research, to identify and prioritize a research agenda for scholars, as well as policymakers. The research presented in this work aims to fill existing gaps in the knowledge of recruitment to both organized crime and terrorism. For each area, it provides a systematic review of the existing research on social, psychological, and economic drivers of recruitment. It then presents findings from independent original research aimed to explore new ground not covered in these previous studies. The contributions to this volume were the result of a research project funded by a European Union Horizon 2020 grant, and present a diverse, international mix of expertise and cases. It will be of interest to researchers in criminology and criminal justice, as well as related fields such as sociology, psychology, and international relations. Chapter 13 of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.
What Makes a Terrorist: Economics and the Roots of Terrorism
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Many popular ideas about terrorists and why they seek to harm us are fueled by falsehoods and misinformation. Leading politicians and scholars have argued that poverty and lack of education breed terrorism, despite the wealth of evidence showing that most terrorists come from middle-class, and often college-educated, backgrounds. In "What Makes a Terrorist," Alan Krueger argues that if we are to correctly assess the root causes of terrorism and successfully address the threat, we must think more like economists do. Krueger is an influential economist who has applied rigorous statistical analysis to a range of tough issues, from the minimum wage and education to the occurrence of hate crimes. In this book, he explains why our tactics in the fight against terrorism must be based on more than anecdote and speculation. Krueger closely examines the factors that motivate individuals to participate in terrorism, drawing inferences from terrorists' own backgrounds and the economic, social, and political conditions in the societies from which they come. He describes which countries are the most likely breeding grounds for terrorists, and which ones are most likely to be their targets. Krueger addresses the economic and psychological consequences of terrorism. He puts the terrorist threat squarely into perspective, revealing how our nation's sizeable economy is diverse and resilient enough to withstand the comparatively limited effects of most terrorist strikes. And he calls on the media to be more responsible in reporting on terrorism. "What Makes a Terrorist" brings needed clarity to one of the greatest challenges of our time.
Counterterrorism and Investigative Detention
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Counterterrorism and Investigative Detentionexplores the practice of investigative detention of terrorist suspects in the legal systems of the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. In addition to illuminating the characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of various investigative detention regimes, this book examines ways in which international law and national security imperatives have served as vectors for change and convergence in these otherwise divergent legal systems. The chapters include an examination of the way in which each country has experienced and confronted terrorism; an overview of each country's legal system; a detailed analysis of each country's counterterrorism laws; and a discussion of the ways in which international law has impacted their respective counterterrorism approaches. This book, therefore, is situated at the nexus of comparative law, international law, and national security, providing scholars and policymakers with insight into how different countries with contrasting legal traditions address a common national security threat. This compelling discussion of how different legal systems use their detention laws to address the threat of terrorism will be of interest to comparative lawyers, international lawyers, and national security professionals.
Making Sense of Muslim Fundamentalisms: The Clash within Islam
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Studying Muslim fundamentalisms, this book compares key movements, examining their commonalities, differences, and intricate relations, as well as their achievements and failures. Muslim fundamentalisms have the sympathy of approximately half of the Muslim population in the world. Yet, they are divided among themselves and are in a constant state of controversy. The research dwells on the leading fundamentalist movements, such as the Muslim Brothers, Tablighi-Jamaʻat, al-Qaeda, and ISIS, and illustrates how differently they think about the West and its culture, democracy, and women's presence in the public sphere. By identifying these trends, and studying them comparatively, the book enables the interested reader to make sense of the plethora of fundamentalist movements, which are otherwise lumped together by the media and are barely discernible for the reader. Whereas most studies of Muslim fundamentalism focus on organizational or militant actions that the movements perform, this study concentrates on their efforts to Islamize society through everyday life in a peaceful manner. Identifying the different strands of Muslim fundamentalisms, the book will be a key resource to a wide range of readers including researchers and students interested in politics, religious, Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies.
The Nexus Between Organised Crime and Terrorism: Types and Responses
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In the post-9/11 era, the nexus between organized crime and terrorism has raised much concern and has been widely discussed in both academic and policy circles, but is still largely misunderstood. This critical book contributes innovatively to the debate by distinguishing three types of nexus--interaction, transformation/imitation and similarities--and identifying the promoting factors of each type. With its multifaceted but complementary chapters, the book provides conceptual and theoretical frameworks for readers, as well as the evidence needed to develop more realistic, effective and humane policies to tackle organized crime, terrorism and the nexuses between them. Bringing together a range of international multidisciplinary specialists, it includes three comparative analyses of worldwide transfers of personnel, weapons and money between organized crime and terrorism and 12 case studies examining local manifestations of the nexus in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. Two other chapters further review the national, European and international policies adopted and implemented so far to deal with the different nexuses. This book will be a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers in the fields of comparative law, criminal law and justice and public policy, who specialize in the analysis and control of organized crime and terrorism. It will also appeal to senior law enforcement officials and practitioners due to the counterintuitive policy implications drawn from the comparative analysis of the findings.
Precursor Crimes of Terrorism: The Criminalisation of Terrorism Risk in Comparative Perspective
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This illuminating book offers a timely assessment of the development and proliferation of precursor crimes of terrorism, exploring the functions and implications of these expanding offences in different jurisdictions. In response to new modes and sources of terrorism, attempts to pre-empt potential attacks through precursor offences have emerged. This book examines not only the meanings and effectiveness of this approach, but also the challenges posed to human rights and social and economic development. Featuring contributions from leading academic and practitioner experts in counter-terrorism law, the book covers the broad scope of activities tackled by these new legal interventions, including membership, collaboration, communications, training and financing. Taking a comparative approach that relies on extensive experience in various jurisdictions, including the UK and Spain, the chapters also discuss important related issues such as international cooperation, investigations and penology, offering insights into the context of policies and practices. Scholars and advanced students of criminal and human rights law with an interest in terrorism and terrorism offences will find this book essential reading. It will also benefit legal practitioners and policy makers in fields such as international criminal law cooperation and counter-terrorism.
Prisons, Terrorism and Extremism: Critical Issues in Management, Radicalisation and Reform
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This volume provides an overview of intervention and management strategies for dealing with terrorist and extremist offenders in prisons. The management of terrorist and extremist prisoners has long been recognised as a difficult problem in prisons. In most countries, such offenders are relatively rare, but when their numbers increase these prisoners can undermine the effectiveness and safety of the prison system. At a global level there is an increasing recognition of the problem of militant jihadi extremists in prison and their ability to recruit new members among other prisoners. The numbers of such prisoners are low but growing and, as a result, prisons are becoming centres of radicalisation; indeed, in some cases, terrorist plots appear to have been based entirely on networks that were radicalised in prison. This volume presents an expertly informed assessment of what we know about terrorists, extremists and prison, exploring the experience of a wide range of countries and of different political movements. Drawing critical lessons from historical case studies, the book examines critical issues around management strategies, radicalisation and deradicalisation, reform, risk assessment, as well as post-release experiences. The role that prisoners play in the conflicts beyond the jail walls is also examined, with case studies illustrating how prisoners can play a critical role in bringing about a peace process or alternatively in sustaining or even escalating campaigns of violence. Written by leading experts in the field, this volume will be of much interest to students of terrorism/counter-terrorism, criminology, security studies and IR in general.
Returning Islamist Foreign Fighters: Threats and Challenges to the West
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This book examines the challenges foreign fighter returnees from Syria and Iraq pose to Western countries. A number of returnees have demonstrated that they are willing to use violence against their home countries, and some have already staged terrorist attacks on Western soil on apparent orders from ISIS. Through the historical context of previous waves of mobilizations of Islamist foreign fighters, the author tracks the experiences of returnees from previous conflicts and discusses the major security challenges associated with them. The book analyzes the major approaches implemented by Western countries in response to foreign fighter returnees, discusses the prosecution of returnees, and evaluates the corresponding challenges of prison radicalization.
Research Handbook on International Law and Terrorism, Second Edition
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This newly revised and updated second edition of the Research Handbook on International Law and Terrorismprovides a comprehensive overview of international counter-terrorism law and practice from the perspectives of human rights, the law of armed conflict, the law on use of force, and international criminal law. Brand new and revised chapters provide critical commentary on the law from leading scholars and practitioners in the field. Major controversies in the global legal response to terrorism are examined, including up-to-date analyses of the war on terror, drone strikes and targeted killings, torture and rendition, indefinite detention, military trials, and UN Security Council measures and sanctions. New topics for this edition are assessed, focusing on foreign terrorist fighters, the nexus between organized crime and terrorism, and the prevention of violent extremism. Exploring developments from before and after the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the Research Handbook also includes new analysis of contemporary threats such as Islamic State, and discusses the law of regional organizations and selected national practice. International law scholars and practitioners, as well as government and United Nations legal advisers, will find this an invaluable reference on a complex area of legal inquiry. It will also prove a critical read for academics and students in international relations, terrorism studies, security studies, war studies, and human rights.
אלינה בוליגין הגדרות משפטיות למונח טרור (הכנסת, מרכז מחקר ומידע 2024).
מעודכן ל: 22.8.2024
לפניות והערות כתבו ל:irinabo@savion.huji.ac.il
כל האזכורים של מקורות יש לאזכר לפי כללי האזכור האחיד והבלובוק. תלמידי קרימינולוגיה מאזכרים לפי APA. סרטוני הדרכה על אזכור חקיקה ופסיקה.
| תלמידי משפטים | תלמידי קרימינולוגיה |
| 1. חיפוש ספרים בקטלוג. מדריך לחיפוש בקטלוג. | 1. חיפוש ספרים בקטלוג. מדריך לחיפוש בקטלוג. |
| 2. חיפוש מאמרים ב"מפתח חיפה" ו"נבו". מדריך לחיפוש מאמרים. | 2. חיפוש מאמרים ב"מפתח חיפה". מדריך לחיפוש מאמרים. |
| 3. מומלץ לחפש מאמרים גם במרכז המחקר והמידע של הכנסת. | 3. מומלץ לחפש מאמרים גם במרכז המחקר והמידע של הכנסת. |
| 4. מאגר תזות במשפטים | 4. מאגר תזות במשפטים |
| 5. חיפוש מאמרים באנגלית במאגר LEGALTRAC (סרטון באנגלית) (סרטון בעברית) (סרטון בערבית) | 5. מאגר Proquest Criminal Justice |
| 6. מילון Black's Law Dictionary (מדריך לחיפוש במילון) | 6. מאגר APA Psycnet |
| 7.אנציקלופדיה American Jurisprudence 2nd (מדריך לחיפוש) | 7. מאגר SAGE Criminology and Criminal Justice |
| 8. אנציקלופדיה Corpus Juris (מדריך לחיפוש) | 8. מאגר HeinOnline’s Criminal Justice & Criminology |
| 9. מאגר ספרים ב- WESTLAW US (מדריך לחיפוש) |
9. אנציקלופדיה Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice |
| 10. מאגר ספרים של MATTHEW BENDER ב-LEXIS (מדריך לחיפוש) |
10. אנציקלופדיה |
| 11. מאגר WESTLAW US (מדריך לחיפוש) | 11. USA - Congressional Research Reports (CRS) |
|
12.USA - Congressional Research Reports (CRS) Canada - Research Publications |
12. Canada - Research Publications |
| 13. הסבר התחברות ל-RUMBA | 13. הסבר התחברות ל-RUMBA |
